EYFS

To handle equipment and tools effectively, including pencils for writing.

To safely use and explore a variety of materials, tools and techniques, experimenting with colour, design, texture, form and function.

To use what they have learnt about media and materials in original ways, thinking about uses and purposes.

To represent their own ideas, thought and feelings through design and technology, art, music, dance, role play and stories.

KS1

When designing and making, pupils should be taught to:

Design

• Design purposeful, functional, appealing products for themselves and other users based on design criteria

• Generate, develop, model and communicate their ideas through talking, drawing, templates, mock-ups and, where appropriate, information and communication technology

Make

• Select from and use a range of tools and equipment to perform practical tasks [for example, cutting, shaping, joining and finishing]

• Select from and use a wide range of materials and components, including construction materials, textiles and ingredients, according to their characteristics

Evaluate

• Explore and evaluate a range of existing products

• Evaluate their ideas and products against design criteria

Technical knowledge

• Build structures, exploring how they can be made stronger, stiffer and more stable

• Explore and use mechanisms [for example, levers, sliders, wheels and axles], in their products.

KS2

Through a variety of creative and practical activities, pupils should be taught the knowledge, understanding and skills needed to engage in an iterative process of designing and making. They should work in a range of relevant contexts [for example, the home, school, leisure, culture, enterprise, industry and the wider environment].

When designing and making, pupils should be taught to:

Design

• Use research and develop design criteria to inform the design of innovative, functional, appealing products that are fit for purpose, aimed at particular individuals or groups

• Generate, develop, model and communicate their ideas through discussion, annotated sketches, cross-sectional and exploded diagrams, prototypes, pattern pieces and computer-aided design

Make

• Select from and use a wider range of tools and equipment to perform practical tasks [for example, cutting, shaping, joining and finishing], accurately

• Select from and use a wider range of materials and components, including construction materials, textiles and ingredients, according to their functional properties and aesthetic qualities

Evaluate

• Investigate and analyse a range of existing products

• Evaluate their ideas and products against their own design criteria and consider the views of others to improve their work

• Understand how key events and individuals in design and technology have helped shape the world

Technical knowledge

• Apply their understanding of how to strengthen, stiffen and reinforce more complex structures

• Understand and use mechanical systems in their products [for example, gears, pulleys, cams, levers and linkages]

• Understand and use electrical systems in their products [for example, series circuits incorporating switches, bulbs, buzzers and motors]

• Apply their understanding of computing to program, monitor and control their products.

EYFS

By the end of EYFS children will be able to:

• Understand that equipment and tools have to be used safely.

• Show an interest in technological toys with knobs, or pulleys, or real objects.

• Demonstrate skills in making toys work by pressing parts or lifting flaps to achieve effects such as sound, movements or new images.

• Demonstrate understanding of the need for safety when tackling new challenges and consider and manage some risks.

• Show understanding of how to transport and store equipment safely.

• Practice some appropriate safety measures without direct supervision.

Year 1

By the end of Year 1 children will be able to:

• Follow verbal instructions.

• Explain what they are making and which materials they are using.

• Name the tools they are using.

• Describe what they need to do next.

• Select materials from a limited range that will meet the design criteria.

• Model ideas with kits, reclaimed materials.

• Select pictures to help develop ideas.

• Discuss their work as it progresses.

Year 2

By the end of Year 2 children will be able to:

• Select and name tools needed to work the materials.

• Select appropriate techniques explaining first… next… last…

• Use pictures and words to convey what they want to design and make.

• Describe models and drawings of ideas and intentions.

• Use kits/reclaimed materials to develop an idea.

• Use drawings to record ideas as they are developed.

• Add notes to drawing to help explanations.

Year 3

By the end of Year 3 children will be able to:

• Investigate similar products to the one to be made to give starting points for a design.

• Draw/sketch products to help analyse how they are made.

• Think ahead about the order of their work and decide upon tools and materials.

• Plan a sequence of actions to make a product.

• Record the plan by drawing (labelled sketches) or writing.

Year 4

By the end of Year 4 children will be able to:

• Draw/sketch products to help understand how they are made.

• Develop more than one design or adaptation of an initial design.

• Propose realistic suggestions as to how they can achieve their designs.

Year 5

By the end of Year 5 children will be able to:

• Investigate products/images to collect ideas.

• Sketch and model alternative ideas.

• Record ideas using annotated diagrams.

• Make prototypes.

• Use found information to inform decisions.

Year 6

By the end of Year 6 children will be able to:

Year 5 skills with more independence and depth:

• Investigate products/images to collect ideas.

• Sketch and model alternative ideas.

• Record ideas using annotated diagrams.

• Make prototypes.

• Use found information to inform decisions.

EYFS

By the end of EYFS children will be able to:

Understand that equipment and tools have to be used safely.

Show an interest in technological toys with knobs, or pulleys, or real objects.

Demonstrate  skills in making toys work by pressing parts or lifting flaps to achieve effects such as sound, movements or new images.

Understand the need for safety when tackling new challenges and consider and manage some risks.

Demonstrate understanding of how to transport and store equipment safely.

Practice some appropriate safety measures without direct supervision.

Year 1

By the end of Year 1 children will be able to:

• Follow verbal instructions.

• Explain what they are making and which materials they are using.

• Name the tools they are using.

• Describe what they need to do next.

• Select materials from a limited range that will meet the design criteria.

• Model ideas with kits, reclaimed materials.

• Select pictures to help develop ideas.

• Discuss their work as it progresses.

Year 2

By the end of Year 2 children will be able to:

• Select and name tools needed to work the materials.

• Select appropriate techniques explaining first… next… last…

• Use pictures and words to convey what they want to design and make.

• Describe models and drawings of ideas and intentions.

• Use kits/reclaimed materials to develop an idea.

• Use drawings to record ideas as they are developed.

• Add notes to drawing to help explanations.

Year 3

By the end of Year 3 children will be able to:

• Investigate similar products to the one to be made to give starting points for a design.

• Draw/sketch products to help analyse how they are made.

• Think ahead about the order of their work and decide upon tools and materials.

• Plan a sequence of actions to make a product.

• Record the plan by drawing (labelled sketches) or writing.

Year 4

By the end of Year 4 children will be able to:

• Draw/sketch products to help understand how they are made.

• Develop more than one design or adaptation of an initial design.

• Propose realistic suggestions as to how they can achieve their designs.

Year 5

By the end of Year 5 children will be able to:

• Investigate products/images to collect ideas.

• Sketch and model alternative ideas.

• Record ideas using annotated diagrams.

• Make prototypes.

• Use found information to inform decisions.

Year 6

By the end of Year 6 children will be able to:

Year 5 skills with more independence and depth:

• Investigate products/images to collect ideas.

• Sketch and model alternative ideas.

• Record ideas using annotated diagrams.

• Make prototypes.

• Use found information to inform decisions.

EYFS

By the end of EYFS children will be able to:

• Use one-handed tools and equipment e.g. make snips in paper with scissors.

• Capture experiences and responses with a range of media.

• Use simple tools to effect changes to materials.

• Handle tools, objects, construction and malleable materials safely and with increasing control.

• Select tools and techniques needed to shape, assembly and join materials that are being used.

Year 1

By the end of Year 1 children will be able to:

• Make vehicles with construction kits, which contain free running wheels.

Year 2

By the end of Year 2 children will be able to:

• Use a range of materials to create models with wheels and axels e.g. glue, tape, dowel and cotton reels.

• Attach wheels to a chassis using an axel.

• Join appropriately for different materials and situations e.g. glue and tape.

• Mark out materials to be cut using a template.

• Observe a glue gun being used by an adult.

Year 3

By the end of Year 3 children will be able to:

• Make structures more stable by giving them a wide base.

Year 4

By the end of Year 4 children will be able to:

• Create a shell or frame structure; strengthen frames with diagonal struts.

• Incorporate a circuit with a bell or buzzer into a model.

• Prototype frame and shell structures.

• Measure and mark square selection, strip and dowel accordingly to 1cm.

• Use a glue gun with close one-to-one supervision.

Year 5

By the end of Year 5 children will be able to:

• Use bradawl to mark hole positions.

• Join materials using appropriate methods.

• Control a model using an ICT control program.

• Use a cam to make an up and down mechanism.

• Build frameworks using a ranger of materials to support mechanisms e.g. wood, corrugated card and plastic.

• Use a glue gun with close supervision.

Year 6

By the end of Year 6 children will be able to:

• Use a hand drill to drill tight and loose fit holes.

• Cut strip wood, dowel and square section wood accurately to 1cm.

• Incorporate a motor and switch into a model.

EYFS

By the end of EYFS children will be able to:

• Safely use and explore a variety pf materials, tools and techniques.

Year 1

By the end of Year 1 children will be able to:

• Fold, tear and cut paper and card.

• Roll paper to create tubes.

• Cut along lines, straight and curved.

• Use a hole punch.

• Insert paper fasteners for card linkages.

• Create hinges.

• Use simple pop-ups.

Year 2

By the end of Year 2 children will be able to:

• Curl paper, investigate strengthening sheet materials.

• Investigate joining temporary, fixed and moving materials.

Year 3

By the end of Year 3 children will be able to:

• Cut slots.

• Cut internal shapes.

• Use lolly sticks/card to make levers and linkages.

Year 4

By the end of Year 4 children will be able to:

• Use linkages to make movement larger or more varied.

• Use and explore complex pop-ups.

• Create nets.

Year 5

By the end of Year 5 children will be able to:

• Cut slots.

• Cut accurately and safely to a marked line.

• Join and combine materials with temporary, fixed or moving joints.

• Use a craft knife, cutting mat and safety ruler with one-to-one supervision if appropriate.

• Choose an appropriate sheet material for a purpose.

Year 6

By the end of Year 6 children will be able to:

Year 5 skills with more independence and depth:

• Cut slots.

• Cut accurately and safely to a marked line.

• Join and combine materials with temporary, fixed or moving joints.

• Use a craft knife, cutting mat and safety ruler with one-to-one supervision if appropriate.

• Choose an appropriate sheet material for a purpose.

Year 1

By the end of Year 1 children will be able to:

• Colour fabrics using a range of techniques e.g. fabric paints, printing and painting.

• Join fabrics with glue.

• Decorate fabrics with buttons, beads, sequins, braids and ribbons.

Year 2

By the end of Year 2 children will be able to:

• Cut out shapes, which have been created by drawing around a template onto fabric.

• Join fabrics by using a running stitch, staples, over sewing and tape.

Year 3

By the end of Year 3 children will be able to:

• Join fabrics using running stitch, over sewing and back stitch.

• Use appropriate decoration techniques.

• Create a simple pattern.

Year 4

By the end of Year 4 children will be able to:

• Understand seam allowance.

• Explore fastenings and recreate some e.g. sew on buttons and make loops.

• Prototype a product using material.

• Use appropriate techniques (applique or simple stitches).

• Understand the need for patterns.

Year 5

By the end of Year 5 children will be able to:

• Create 3D products using pattern pieces and seam allowance.

• Understand pattern layout.

• Join fabrics using over sewing, back stitch and blanket stitch.

• Make quality products.

Year 6

By the end of Year 6 children will be able to:

• Decorate textiles appropriately before joining components.

• Pin and tack fabric pieces together.

• Combine fabrics to create more useful properties.

Year 1

By the end of Year 1 children will be able to:

• Develop a food vocabulary using taste, smell, texture and touch.

• Group familiar food products e.g. fruit and vegetables.

• Cut and peel a range of ingredients.

• Work safely and hygienically.

• Understand the need for a variety of foods in the diet.

Year 2

By the end of Year 2 children will be able to:

• Grate and chop a range of ingredients.

• Measure and weigh food items – not-standard measures e.g. spoons, cups.

Year 3

By the end of Year 3 children will be able to:

• Develop sensory vocabulary/knowledge using taste, smell, texture and touch.

• Follow instructions.

• Make healthy eating choices from an understanding of a balanced diet.

• Join and combine a range of ingredients.

Year 4

By the end of Year 4 children will be able to:

• Analyse the taste, texture, smell and appearance of a range of food.

• Weigh and measure using scales.

• Cut and shape ingredients using appropriate tools and equipment.

Year 5

By the end of Year 5 children will be able to:

• Prepare food products taking into account properties and sensory characteristics of ingredients.

• Assemble or cook ingredients, controlling the temperature of the oven or hob if cooking.

• Measure accurately using different equipment.

• Create recipes including ingredients, methods, cooking times and temperatures.

• Work safely and hygienically.

• Show an awareness of a healthy diet from an understanding of a balanced diet.

Year 6

By the end of Year 6 children will be able to:

• Combine ingredients appropriately e.g. beating or rubbing.

• Measure ingredients to the nearest gram and millilitre and calculate ratios of ingredients to scale up or down from a recipe.

• Understand seasonality and know where and how a variety of ingredients are grown, reared, caught and processed.

• Create and refine recipes, including ingredients, methods, cooking times and temperatures.